Stag's horn sumach is a shrub or small tree, 4-8 m high, often forming groups which develop from root suckers. Annual shoots are stout, rusty-brown, velvety hairy, with a prominent rust-coloured pith. The buds are small and rounded. Greenish flowers appear in June, followed by fruits ripening in October and remaining on the shrub throughout the winter. It throws out stump and root sprouts freely. Propagation is by means of seeds or root cuttings.
This shrub is widespread throughout most of Europe, where it grows in woodlands, especially beech stands. In England it occurs rarely in woods on chalk and limestone. It grows best in moist soil rich in humus and may be found in valley woods as well as mixed mountain forests, occasionally also in subalpine meadows. It requires semi-shade and will not thrive in sunny aspects. It is a popular ornamental shrub for the rock garden and therefore often taken up in the wild and transplanted to private gardens. For this reason many countries have proclaimed it a protected species and digging it up in the wild an offence punishable by law. It is readily propagated by means of seeds.
A shrub requiring semi-shade, it is completely frost-resistant and will grow on poorer soils where it has sufficient moisture. It is propagated readily by means of seeds and throws out a profusion of stump and root suckers. Ash from the wood was at one time used to make gun powder and the bark is used in medicine.
The common buckthorn is a shrub or small tree growing to a height of 3-8 m with a crooked stem and asymmetric crown. The bark is blackish and in older individuals peels off in horizontal strips. The twigs are grey and terminated by a thorn between a pair of buds. The buds are blackish brown, longish and often subopposite. It is a slow-growing shrub and may live to an age of more than a hundred years. The greenish, sometimes dioccious flowers appear from May-June.
This species is widespread in southern Europe, its range extending from Spain and France as far as Asia Minor. It is naturalized near the coasts of southern England. Where native, it grows in the coastal belt, mostly in river valleys and on river terraces, and prefers light soils, also tolerating salty soils. In central and western Europe it is cultivated as an ornamental shrub in parks and gardens.
This shrub is widespread throughout most of Europe, its range extending northward to the 60th parallel and eastward to Siberia. It grows mostly on dry, sunny banks and rocky sites in hilly country. A light-loving, frost-resistant shrub, it does well even on poorer soils. The wood is hard, with brownish-reel heartwood and yellow- white sapwood. The bark and fruits were used to make natural dyes and for medicinal purposes. - 16035
This shrub is widespread throughout most of Europe, where it grows in woodlands, especially beech stands. In England it occurs rarely in woods on chalk and limestone. It grows best in moist soil rich in humus and may be found in valley woods as well as mixed mountain forests, occasionally also in subalpine meadows. It requires semi-shade and will not thrive in sunny aspects. It is a popular ornamental shrub for the rock garden and therefore often taken up in the wild and transplanted to private gardens. For this reason many countries have proclaimed it a protected species and digging it up in the wild an offence punishable by law. It is readily propagated by means of seeds.
A shrub requiring semi-shade, it is completely frost-resistant and will grow on poorer soils where it has sufficient moisture. It is propagated readily by means of seeds and throws out a profusion of stump and root suckers. Ash from the wood was at one time used to make gun powder and the bark is used in medicine.
The common buckthorn is a shrub or small tree growing to a height of 3-8 m with a crooked stem and asymmetric crown. The bark is blackish and in older individuals peels off in horizontal strips. The twigs are grey and terminated by a thorn between a pair of buds. The buds are blackish brown, longish and often subopposite. It is a slow-growing shrub and may live to an age of more than a hundred years. The greenish, sometimes dioccious flowers appear from May-June.
This species is widespread in southern Europe, its range extending from Spain and France as far as Asia Minor. It is naturalized near the coasts of southern England. Where native, it grows in the coastal belt, mostly in river valleys and on river terraces, and prefers light soils, also tolerating salty soils. In central and western Europe it is cultivated as an ornamental shrub in parks and gardens.
This shrub is widespread throughout most of Europe, its range extending northward to the 60th parallel and eastward to Siberia. It grows mostly on dry, sunny banks and rocky sites in hilly country. A light-loving, frost-resistant shrub, it does well even on poorer soils. The wood is hard, with brownish-reel heartwood and yellow- white sapwood. The bark and fruits were used to make natural dyes and for medicinal purposes. - 16035
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In garden planning, making the formwork carefully is vital to the success of the wall, but it is far more taxing than the actual laying of the concrete garden wall.
