Saturday, February 28, 2009

Bird Cherry and Tulip Tree

By John Anthony

The bird cherry is distributed throughout most of Europe, extending northward as far as central Sweden and eastward to the Yenisei River. It grows mainly in moist situations alongside lakes and ponds and on alluvial deposits; alongside streams, it may be found at elevations over 1000 metres. The bird cherry is a small tree 5 to 15 metres high, with a broad crown and pendent branches.

Today, it is found growing in mixed, broad-leaved woods throughout western, central and eastern Europe, in lowland, hilly and sub-alpine areas up to heights of 700 to 900 metres. It is a robust tree which, under forest competition, attains a height of 20 to 25 metres and develops a tall, straight bole. Grown in the open it forms a short trunk and broad crown. The smooth, red-brown bark becomes shallowly fissured in older trees.

The white mulberry requires partial shade and warm climate, Europe's wine-growing regions providing the best conditions for its growth. It is damaged by frost, but has good powers of regeneration by suckers. It is cultivated in parks as a specimen tree, and is also good in tree avenues, and for planting in hedges.

The tulip tree's name is derived from the shape of the flowers which somewhat resemble those of a tulip. It is a native of North America, where it grows from the Canadian border southward as far as Arkansas and Florida. It is found chiefly in moist forests on rich alluvial soils.

Today, it is widespread throughout western, central, eastern and southern Europe and in some areas is so familiar as to be mistakenly considered a native species. It reaches a height of 20 to 30 metres, the hark is deeply furrowed and the twigs thorny. The ornamental, odd-pinnate leaves appear at the end of May, and, soon after, the white, fragrant flowers, borne in pendent racemes. The false acacia has a wide-spreading root system extending far from the trunk, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in nodules on the roots; thus it improves the soil, though at the same time it poisons it with its root excretions. The false acacia is marked by the vigorous production of stump suckers, and regeneration by root suckers. It is a fast-growing tree and requires abundant light, but otherwise will grow on poorer and drier soils.

The winged seeds form a cone-like structure and disintegrate in the spring of the following year. The tulip tree is widely cultivated in the parks of western and central Europe for its ornamental flowers, and for its leaves that turn yellow in autumn. The light wood, with yellow-brown heartwood and pale sapwood, is used to make veneers and musical instruments. - 16035

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