The Austrian pine is a native of the Mediterranean countries, Spain, Calabria, Corsica, Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor. The natural northernmost limit of its distribution was originally Austria, but today the Corsican and Austrian varieties especially are widely cultivated for their rapid growth, and high quality wood, in western and central Europe.
Its leaves greatly resemble those of the Scots pine but are arranged more densely on the twig. The tree form differs from the Scots pine in having grey-black, furrowed bark, which goes all the way up to the crown, and asymmetric cones with knoblike, red-brown scale tips. In the shrub form the cones are symmetrical; broadly opened, with red-brown scale tips.
The Austrian pine thrives in areas with mild winters and hot summers, especially in lime-rich soils. It does not require much moisture and is used to afforest karst territories and to strengthen sanely sea dunes in maritime countries. The wood is resinous and especially well suited for boat building. In some places where there are large forests, use is made of its resin. This tree is a native of the eastern United States and Canada, where it is found mainly in river valleys and moderately swampy sites.
The Arolla pine is a high mountain tree growing in the Alps and Carpathians near the tree line at elevations of 1500 to 2400 metres, in areas with a brief, hot summer. It grows to a height of about 25 metres or more but its knotty trunk and thick ovoid crown reaching almost to the ground are an impressive sight in the harsh alpine environment, where a forest is hard put to keep a foothold.
The Arolla pine has thick, rust coloured, downy shoots and needles clustered densely on the twigs. The cones take two years to mature and when ripe in September they fall to the ground where they disintegrate. The sweet oily seeds are a favourite of birds and rodents. New individuals grow from the seeds they drop on their way, often far from the parent tree. The Arolla pine has a slow rate of growth; not until after its sixtieth year does it begin to flower and bear fruit, but it attains an age of several hundred years. It is adapted to the harsh, mountain climate and stands up well to frost, windstorms and heavy snow. The wood is strong and light, and was formerly used to make furniture and carved objects.
In Europe the jack pine can be recommended only as a short-term pioneer tree in extremely poor and degraded soils, in dry areas, to improve and prepare the soil for more demanding trees. - 16035
Its leaves greatly resemble those of the Scots pine but are arranged more densely on the twig. The tree form differs from the Scots pine in having grey-black, furrowed bark, which goes all the way up to the crown, and asymmetric cones with knoblike, red-brown scale tips. In the shrub form the cones are symmetrical; broadly opened, with red-brown scale tips.
The Austrian pine thrives in areas with mild winters and hot summers, especially in lime-rich soils. It does not require much moisture and is used to afforest karst territories and to strengthen sanely sea dunes in maritime countries. The wood is resinous and especially well suited for boat building. In some places where there are large forests, use is made of its resin. This tree is a native of the eastern United States and Canada, where it is found mainly in river valleys and moderately swampy sites.
The Arolla pine is a high mountain tree growing in the Alps and Carpathians near the tree line at elevations of 1500 to 2400 metres, in areas with a brief, hot summer. It grows to a height of about 25 metres or more but its knotty trunk and thick ovoid crown reaching almost to the ground are an impressive sight in the harsh alpine environment, where a forest is hard put to keep a foothold.
The Arolla pine has thick, rust coloured, downy shoots and needles clustered densely on the twigs. The cones take two years to mature and when ripe in September they fall to the ground where they disintegrate. The sweet oily seeds are a favourite of birds and rodents. New individuals grow from the seeds they drop on their way, often far from the parent tree. The Arolla pine has a slow rate of growth; not until after its sixtieth year does it begin to flower and bear fruit, but it attains an age of several hundred years. It is adapted to the harsh, mountain climate and stands up well to frost, windstorms and heavy snow. The wood is strong and light, and was formerly used to make furniture and carved objects.
In Europe the jack pine can be recommended only as a short-term pioneer tree in extremely poor and degraded soils, in dry areas, to improve and prepare the soil for more demanding trees. - 16035
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After having made sure that the conception is practical, and having checked that everything you want is on the garden plan, roughly peg out your garden design using string, canes, pegs and lengths of hose or rope.
